被动语态是什么?
被动语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
被动语态是动词的一种形式,一般来说,只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、”给“等被动词来表示被动意义 。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。
被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式,过去分词部分不变。许多课本及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。
一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动语态。的短语往往又不是被动语态,而是主系表结构。
还有些现象,如:“known to me的意思,英语却应该用被动态。
还要注意,英语的被动语态往往由“by”引出,而有用介词“by on foot”步行(美国人有时用“by foot”),“in carriage”(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动,真被动的十几个常用词的用法,以及“so heavy to carry”而不用“so heavy to be carried”等习惯用法。
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被动语态的用法归纳:
一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词;
- Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
- 我们教室每天都被打扫。
- I am asked to study hard.
- 我被告知要努力学习。
- Knives are used for cutting things.
- 刀是用来切东西的。
一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were + 及物动词的过去分词;
- A new shop was built last year.
- 去年修了一座新商店。
- Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
- 恐龙蛋被放置了很久很久。
一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词;
- A new hospital will be built in our city.
- 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。
- Many more trees will be planted next year.
- 明年会种更多的树。
现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词;
- Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.
- 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。
- My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
- 汤姆正在修理我的自行车。
- They are planting trees over there.
- 他们正在那边种树。
- Trees are being planted over there by them.
- 他们在那里种植的树木。
现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词;
- This book has been translated into many languages.
- 这本书被翻译成多种文字。
- Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
- 在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了空。
过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were + being + 及物动词的过去分词;
- The boy was being operated on when his parents hurried to the hospital.
- 当他的父母赶到医院的时候这个男孩正在做手术。
- The new road was being made.
- 这条新路正在修筑。
过去完成时的被动语态构成:had + been + 及物动词的过去分词
- The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came.
- 在老师来之前,教室尚未打扫。
- The tickets had been sold out before I came to the cinema.
- 在门票被销售一我赶到了电影院。
将来完成时的被动语态构成:shall/will + have done;
- They will have been married for 20 years by then.
- 届时,他们结婚将满20周年。
- The project will have been completed before May.
- 该项目将在五月前完成。
含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词;
- Young trees must be watered often.
- 小树需要经常浇水。
- Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
- 你应该现在就改正你的错误。
- The door may be locked inside.
- 这扇门可以反锁。
- Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
- 你的家庭作业可以明天交