transformation

the act of changing in form or shape or appearance

改变形状、形状或外观的行为

a photograph is a translation of a scene onto a two-dimensional suce

照片是场景在二维表面上的平移

translation

(genetics) modification of a cell or bacterium by the uptake and incorporation of exogenous DNA

（遗传学）通过摄取和掺入外源DNA对细胞或细菌的修饰

a rule describing the conversion of one syntactic structure into another related syntactic structure

描述一种句法结构转换成另一种相关句法结构的规则

a qualitative change

质变

transmutation

shift

(mathematics) a function that changes the position or direction of the axes of a coordinate system

（数学）改变坐标系轴线位置或方向的函数